DevOps Interview Q & A for Beginners (Level 1)

Results

Congratulations!!

Sorry, you were so close! Review Your Answers Below!!

Better Luck Next Time!

#1. What does the term "shift left" refer to in DevOps?

Moving testing to later stages of development

Integrating security practices into the beginning of the development process

Using more hardware resources

Deploying applications without testing

Explanation: “Shift left” means integrating and addressing issues like security and testing earlier in the development cycle to identify and resolve problems sooner.

#2. Which backend is commonly used to store Terraform state in AWS?

AWS DynamoDB

Amazon RDS

Amazon S3

AWS Lambda

Explanation: S3 is the most common backend for storing Terraform state files.

#3. Which Kubernetes object should you use to maintain a specified number of pod replicas running?

Deployment

StatefulSet

DaemonSet

ReplicaSet

Explanation: ReplicaSet ensures a specified number of pod replicas. Deployments use ReplicaSets under the hood.

#4. You need to securely inject sensitive data into a Kubernetes pod. What should you use?

ConfigMap

Secret

Environment Variables

Persistent Volume

Explanation: Secrets are used to manage sensitive data securely in Kubernetes.

#5. Which Terraform command is used to apply changes to infrastructure?

terraform init

terraform plan

terraform apply

terraform validate

Explanation: terraform apply applies the planned changes to the infrastructure.

#6. What does the terraform refresh command do?

Updates state file to match real-world resources

Resets the Terraform configuration

Deletes unused resources

Updates the provider plugin

Explanation: terraform refresh syncs the state file with actual resource statuses.

#7. What happens if a resource is removed from the Terraform configuration?

It is ignored during the next apply

It is deleted during the next apply

It generates an error during plan

Terraform will prompt you to confirm the deletion

Explanation: Terraform manages the lifecycle of resources defined in its configuration.

#8. You encounter a lock error when running terraform apply. What might resolve it?

Delete the .terraform directory

Run terraform force-unlock with the lock ID

Reinitialize Terraform with terraform init

Use the -lock=false flag

Explanation: Force-unlocking resolves lock contention issues in Terraform state files.

#9. Scenario: Your team needs to develop, test, and deploy applications quickly and reliably. What approach should you adopt?

Waterfall development

Agile and DevOps practices

Manual deployments

Traditional IT operations

Explanation: Agile and DevOps practices promote collaboration, automation, and iterative development, enabling faster and more reliable application delivery.

#10. Which command can you use to debug a running Kubernetes pod?

kubectl logs

kubectl exec

kubectl describe pod

All of the above

Explanation: Each command provides specific debugging information: logs for output, exec for shell access, and describe for configuration details.

#11. Scenario: Your application needs to be deployed across multiple environments (development, staging, production) with consistent configurations. What should you use?

Manual configuration updates

Docker Compose

Infrastructure as Code (IaC)

Continuous Monitoring

Explanation: IaC allows you to manage and provision infrastructure through code, ensuring consistency across different environments.

#12. Which practice involves automated testing, building, and deployment of code?

Continuous Integration

Continuous Deployment

Continuous Testing

Continuous Monitoring

Explanation: Continuous Deployment involves the automatic deployment of code to production environments following successful automated tests.

#13. Which of the following best describes a microservices architecture?

A single, monolithic application with tightly coupled components

An application architecture composed of small, independent services that communicate over APIs

A traditional client-server architecture

A system that relies solely on hardware for its operations

Explanation: Microservices architecture breaks down applications into smaller, loosely coupled services that can be developed, deployed, and scaled independently.

#14. Which provider configuration syntax is correct in Terraform?

provider "aws" { region = "us-west-2" }

aws_provider { region = "us-west-2" }

aws { region = "us-west-2" }

provider aws { region = "us-west-2" }

Explanation: Provider blocks define configurations for Terraform providers.

#15. You encounter an issue where a container cannot connect to an external API. What should you check first?

The container’s DNS configuration

The CMD directive in the Dockerfile

The container’s CPU allocation

The container’s image version

Explanation: Networking issues, including DNS, often cause connectivity problems.

Finish