DevOps Interview Q & A for Beginners (Level 1)

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#1. Which Terraform command is used to apply changes to infrastructure?

terraform init

terraform plan

terraform apply

terraform validate

Explanation: terraform apply applies the planned changes to the infrastructure.

#2. Which provider configuration syntax is correct in Terraform?

provider "aws" { region = "us-west-2" }

aws_provider { region = "us-west-2" }

aws { region = "us-west-2" }

provider aws { region = "us-west-2" }

Explanation: Provider blocks define configurations for Terraform providers.

#3. You want to run a container in the background and expose a port. Which command should you use?

docker run -it

docker run -d -p

docker exec -p

docker-compose up -d

Explanation: The -d flag runs the container in detached mode, and -p maps ports.

#4. Scenario: You want to ensure that your application can handle a sudden increase in traffic. What should you implement?

Automated backups

Load testing

Version control

Continuous Integration

Explanation: Load testing helps simulate high traffic conditions and identifies potential bottlenecks, ensuring your application can handle increased loads.

#5. How can you ensure that a pod is scheduled on a specific node?

Use a Node Selector

Use an Affinity Rule

Set a Node Label and use Node Affinity

All of the above

Explanation: All listed methods can influence pod scheduling on specific nodes.

#6. Which Docker command would you use to view all running and stopped containers on a host?

docker ps

docker ps -a

docker container list

docker inspect

Explanation: The -a flag shows all containers, including stopped ones.

#7. What does the terraform refresh command do?

Updates state file to match real-world resources

Resets the Terraform configuration

Deletes unused resources

Updates the provider plugin

Explanation: terraform refresh syncs the state file with actual resource statuses.

#8. Scenario: Your application needs to be deployed across multiple environments (development, staging, production) with consistent configurations. What should you use?

Manual configuration updates

Docker Compose

Infrastructure as Code (IaC)

Continuous Monitoring

Explanation: IaC allows you to manage and provision infrastructure through code, ensuring consistency across different environments.

#9. You encounter an issue where a container cannot connect to an external API. What should you check first?

The container’s DNS configuration

The CMD directive in the Dockerfile

The container’s CPU allocation

The container’s image version

Explanation: Networking issues, including DNS, often cause connectivity problems.

#10. Which of the following is a primary goal of DevOps?

Enhance security at all costs

Speed up software development

Reduce the collaboration between teams

Delay software releases

Explanation: DevOps aims to speed up software development by fostering collaboration between development and operations teams and automating processes.

#11. Which of the following best describes continuous integration?

The practice of merging all developers' working copies to a shared mainline several times a day

The practice of deploying code to production automatically

The practice of testing code only once before deployment

The practice of using virtual machines in development

Explanation: Continuous integration involves frequent integration of code changes into a shared repository, allowing for early detection of integration issues.

#12. Scenario: Your team is frequently experiencing merge conflicts when integrating code. What should you implement to mitigate this issue?

Daily stand-up meetings

Continuous Integration (CI)

Infrastructure as Code (IaC)

Continuous Deployment (CD)

Explanation: Continuous Integration helps to frequently merge code changes into a shared repository, reducing the chances of merge conflicts by identifying them early.

#13. Which tool is commonly used for continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD)?

Git

Jenkins

Docker

Kubernetes

Explanation: Jenkins is a popular open-source automation server used to implement CI/CD pipelines.

#14. What is the primary purpose of a Kubernetes Ingress?

To handle internal pod communication

To provide external HTTP and HTTPS routing to services

To allocate persistent storage to pods

To monitor pod health

Explanation: Ingress manages HTTP and HTTPS traffic routing to Kubernetes services.

#15. Scenario: Your team needs to develop, test, and deploy applications quickly and reliably. What approach should you adopt?

Waterfall development

Agile and DevOps practices

Manual deployments

Traditional IT operations

Explanation: Agile and DevOps practices promote collaboration, automation, and iterative development, enabling faster and more reliable application delivery.

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