DevOps Interview Q & A for Beginners (Level 1)

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#1. Which Docker command would you use to view all running and stopped containers on a host?

docker ps

docker ps -a

docker container list

docker inspect

Explanation: The -a flag shows all containers, including stopped ones.

#2. Which provider configuration syntax is correct in Terraform?

provider "aws" { region = "us-west-2" }

aws_provider { region = "us-west-2" }

aws { region = "us-west-2" }

provider aws { region = "us-west-2" }

Explanation: Provider blocks define configurations for Terraform providers.

#3. What type of Kubernetes service is used to expose an application to the internet?

ClusterIP

NodePort

LoadBalancer

ExternalName

Explanation: A LoadBalancer service routes external traffic to the application.

#4. How would you prevent sensitive data from being logged in Terraform state files?

Use the sensitive argument in variable definitions

Encrypt the state file manually

Use an external key management tool

Store variables in .tfvars

Explanation: Marking variables as sensitive ensures they are not logged in plaintext.

#5. What does the term "shift left" refer to in DevOps?

Moving testing to later stages of development

Integrating security practices into the beginning of the development process

Using more hardware resources

Deploying applications without testing

Explanation: “Shift left” means integrating and addressing issues like security and testing earlier in the development cycle to identify and resolve problems sooner.

#6. You need to deploy an application with a dependency on a specific version of a library. How do you ensure the container uses the correct version?

Specify the version in the Docker Compose file

Include the version in the FROM directive of the Dockerfile

Use an external configuration file at runtime

Build the image using a multistage build

Explanation: The FROM directive determines the base image version, ensuring consistency.

#7. Which of the following is a primary goal of DevOps?

Enhance security at all costs

Speed up software development

Reduce the collaboration between teams

Delay software releases

Explanation: DevOps aims to speed up software development by fostering collaboration between development and operations teams and automating processes.

#8. You notice a pod in the CrashLoopBackOff state. What should you check first?

Logs of the failed pod

Node status

Kubernetes API server logs

Network policies

Explanation: Pod logs often provide the root cause of the failure.

#9. Which tool is commonly used for continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD)?

Git

Jenkins

Docker

Kubernetes

Explanation: Jenkins is a popular open-source automation server used to implement CI/CD pipelines.

#10. How do you define a reusable module in Terraform?

Use a .module file

Organize resources in a directory and reference it in module blocks

Write a custom provider

Use a terraform block

Explanation: Modules are created by grouping Terraform configuration files into directories.

#11. Which Terraform command is used to apply changes to infrastructure?

terraform init

terraform plan

terraform apply

terraform validate

Explanation: terraform apply applies the planned changes to the infrastructure.

#12. What is the primary purpose of a Kubernetes Ingress?

To handle internal pod communication

To provide external HTTP and HTTPS routing to services

To allocate persistent storage to pods

To monitor pod health

Explanation: Ingress manages HTTP and HTTPS traffic routing to Kubernetes services.

#13. You want to run a container in the background and expose a port. Which command should you use?

docker run -it

docker run -d -p

docker exec -p

docker-compose up -d

Explanation: The -d flag runs the container in detached mode, and -p maps ports.

#14. Which backend is commonly used to store Terraform state in AWS?

AWS DynamoDB

Amazon RDS

Amazon S3

AWS Lambda

Explanation: S3 is the most common backend for storing Terraform state files.

#15. What is the primary benefit of using version control systems like Git in DevOps?

To run tests on the code

To automate deployments

To track and manage changes in code

To manage cloud resources

Explanation: Version control systems help track and manage code changes, facilitating collaboration and improving code quality.

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